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While redistributing the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer, and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity, or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify, defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work. To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a file or class name and description of purpose be included on the same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier identification within third-party archives. Copyright 2010, 2011 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved. Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. evidence/publisher-pages/wiktionary-licensing.json { "slug": "wiktionary-licensing", "source_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Copyrights", "checked_at": "2026-10-14T13:06:45.764647+00:00", "scope": "Public official publisher source; research evidence only", "http_status": 200, "resolved_url": "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Copyrights", "response_sha256": "c1ed29852bf6e02429ae4f05506c4cd66d2de04a477d969d71629498edbb8146", "links": [ "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Help:Contents", "https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wiktionary.org&uselang=en", "https://an.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Dreitos_d%27autor", "https://ar.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3:%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1", "https://ca.wiktionary.org/wiki/Viccionari:Drets_d%27autor", "https://cs.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wikislovn%C3%ADk:Autorsk%C3%A9_pr%C3%A1vo", "https://da.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Ophavsret", "https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Urheberrechte_beachten", "https://es.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wikcionario:Copyrights", "https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/Convention:Droit_d%E2%80%99auteur", "https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wikikamus:Hak_cipta", "https://io.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wikivortaro:Copyrights", "https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/Aiuto:Copyright", "https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:%E8%91%97%E4%BD%9C%E6%A8%A9", "https://ko.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%82%B1%EB%A7%90%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84:%EC%A0%80%EC%9E%91%EA%B6%8C", "https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Victionarium:Ius_auctorum", "https://lmo.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wikizzionari:Dirit_de_copia", "https://mr.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Copyrights", "https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/WikiWoordenboek:Auteursrechten", "https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wikis%C5%82ownik:Prawa_autorskie", "https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wikcion%C3%A1rio:Direitos_autorais", "https://scn.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wikizziunariu:Copyrights", "https://sd.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Copyrights", "https://sh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wikirje%C4%8Dnik:Autorska_prava", "https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Copyrights", "https://sl.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wikislovar:Avtorske_pravice", "https://sr.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA:%D0%90%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0", "https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Licens", "https://th.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8C", "https://tr.wiktionary.org/wiki/Vikis%C3%B6zl%C3%BCk:Telif_hakk%C4%B1", "https://vi.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Quy%E1%BB%81n_t%C3%A1c_gi%E1%BA%A3", "https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF", "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4375196#sitelinks-wiktionary", "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Licensing", "https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Project:Copyrights", "https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Meta:Copyrights", "https://wikisource.org/wiki/Wikisource:Copyright_policy", "https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikispecies:Copyrights", "https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Copyrights", "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Copyright", "https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Wikinews:Copyright", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights", "https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Wikiquote:Copyrights", "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Wikisource:Copyright_policy", "https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:Copyrights", "https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Wikivoyage:Copyleft", "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4375196", "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Wiktionary:COPY&redirect=no", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fair_use", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/talk_page", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/plagiarism", "https://www.wiktionary.org", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Boilerplate_text", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contributing_FAQ", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright_issues", "https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Avoid_Copyright_Paranoia", "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Wiktionary:Copyrights&oldid=87545419", "https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use", "https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy", "https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contact_Information", "https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct", "https://developer.wikimedia.org", "https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wiktionary.org", "https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement", "https://www.wikimedia.org/", "https://www.mediawiki.org/" ], "text": "Wiktionary:Copyrights - Wiktionary, the free dictionary\nJump to content\nMain menu\nMain menu\nmove to sidebar\nhide\nNavigation\nMain page\nCommunity portal\nRequested entries\nRecent changes\nRandom entry\nHelp\nGlossary\nContact us\nSpecial pages\nSearch\nSearch\nAppearance\nDonations\nCreate account\nLog in\nPersonal tools\nDonations\nCreate account\nLog in\nContents\nmove to sidebar\nhide\nBeginning\n1\nContributors' rights and obligations\n2\nUsers' rights and obligations\n3\nIf you find a copyright infringement\n4\nSee also\n5\nFurther discussion\nToggle the table of contents\nWiktionary\n:\nCopyrights\n30 languages\nAragonés\nالعربية\nCatalà\nČeština\nDansk\nDeutsch\nEspañol\nFrançais\nBahasa Indonesia\nIdo\nItaliano\n日本語\n한국어\nLatina\nLombard\nमराठी\nNederlands\nPolski\nPortuguês\nSicilianu\nسنڌي\nSrpskohrvatski / српскохрватски\nSimple English\nSlovenščina\nСрпски / srpski\nSvenska\nไทย\nTürkçe\nTiếng Việt\n中文\nEdit links\nProject page\nDiscussion\nEnglish\nRead\nView source\nView history\nTools\nTools\nmove to sidebar\nhide\nActions\nRead\nView source\nView history\nGeneral\nWhat links here\nRelated changes\nUpload file\nPermanent link\nPage information\nGet shortened URL\nPrint/export\nCreate a book\nDownload as PDF\nPrintable version\nIn other projects\nWikimedia Commons\nMediaWiki\nMeta-Wiki\nMultilingual Wikisource\nWikispecies\nWikibooks\nWikidata\nWikinews\nWikipedia\nWikiquote\nWikisource\nWikiversity\nWikivoyage\nWikidata item\nAppearance\nmove to sidebar\nhide\nFrom Wiktionary, the free dictionary\nCaution\nThis page is\noutdated\n. It dates to 2002 and was copied from Wikipedia. Parts of it may not be applicable to Wiktionary or may need to be handled differently. Please take this information with a\ngrain of salt\n.\nThis is a\nWiktionary policy, guideline or common practices page\n. This is a\ndraft proposal\n. It is unofficial, and it is unknown whether it is widely accepted by Wiktionary editors.\nPolicies\n– Entries:\nCFI\n-\nEL\n-\nNORM\n-\nNPOV\n-\nQUOTE\n-\nREDIR\n-\nDELETE\n. Languages:\nLT\n-\nAXX\n. Others:\nBLOCK\n-\nBOTS\n-\nVOTES\n.\nShortcut\n:\nWT:COPY\nThe goal of Wiktionary is to develop a freely available international dictionary. The realities of modern copyright law demand that we pay attention to legal issues to ensure that our work can be made available, and to protect our project from legal liability.\nThe original texts of Wiktionary entries are dual-licensed to the public under both the\nCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License\n(CC-BY-SA) and the\nGNU Free Documentation License\n(GFDL). The full text of both licenses can be found at\nWiktionary:Text of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License\n, as well as\nWiktionary:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License\n. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify the text of all Wiktionary entries under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, and the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the\nFree Software Foundation\n;\nwith no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts\n.\nEssentially, this means that the entries will remain free forever and can be used by anybody subject to the restrictions mentioned below, which serve to ensure that freedom.\nFrequently, Wiktionary entries may include text, images, sounds, or other material from external sources with different copyright terms, and which is used with permission or under the \"\nfair use\n\" doctrine. In this case, the material will be identified as from an external source (in the entry, on the image description page, in the page's history\n,\nor on the talk page, as appropriate) and copyright holders of that material retain their rights. Quoting a sentence from a contemporary author to illustrate the use of a word is an important example of fair use, but properly identifying the source is still essential.\nContributors' rights and obligations\nIf you contribute material to Wiktionary, you thereby license it to the public under CC-BY-SA and GFDL (with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts). In order to contribute, you therefore must be in a position to grant this license, which means that either:\nyou own the copyright to the material, for instance because you produced it yourself, or\nyou acquired the material from a source which allows licensing under CC-BY-SA or GFDL, for instance because the material is in the public domain or is itself published under CC-BY-SA and GFDL, or\ncopyright no longer subsists in the material, meaning that it is in the public domain under copyright law.\nIn the first case, you retain copyright to your materials. You can later republish and relicense them in any way you like. However, you can never retract CC-BY-SA licensing or the GFDL license for the versions you placed here: that material will remain under GFDL forever. In the second case, if you incorporate external CC-BY-SA or GFDL materials, you need to acknowledge the authorship on the history page or\ntalk page\nand provide a link back to the network location of the original copy. If the original copy required invariant sections, you have to incorporate those into the Wiktionary article; but as with texts used with permission, CC-BY-SA or GFDL texts with invariant sections should be replaced with original or more freely licensed text whenever possible.\nIf you use part of a copyrighted work under \"fair use\", or if you obtain special permission to use a copyrighted work from the copyright holder, you must note that fact (along with names and dates) on the history page or talk page of the article. It is our goal to be able to freely redistribute as much of Wiktionary's material as possible, so original material licensed under CC-BY-SA or the GFDL is greatly preferred to copyrighted material (even used with permission) for our purposes.\nNever use materials that infringe the copyrights of others. This could create legal liabilities and seriously hurt the project. If in doubt, write it yourself. In extreme cases of contributors continuing to post copyrighted material after appropriate warnings, such users may be blocked from editing to protect the project.\nNote that copyright law governs the creative expression of ideas, not the ideas or information themselves. Therefore, it is perfectly legal to read a dictionary entry, or other work, reformulate it in your own words, and submit it to Wiktionary. (See\nplagiarism\nand fair use for discussions of how much reformulation is necessary in a general context.)\nIndividual words are not copyrightable, although some may be trademarks, but this does not prevent us from using these words as long as we are not producing a product to compete with the trademark holder. Lists of words in a standard arrangement such as alphabetical order are not copyrightable, but using a selection similar to that of another person may draw suspicions. Using a definition from a copyright dictionary may infringe on copyrights, but may nevertheless be a fair use. Indeed, a definition is often a\nshort\ndescription of a word's meaning which may inadvertently be identical to what is found in a published work. Any claim for copyright infringement would likely depend on proving a pattern of individual infringements.\nUsers' rights and obligations\nIf you want to use Wiktionary materials in your own books/articles/web sites or other publications, you may do so, but you have to follow CC-BY-SA / the GFDL. CC-BY-SA entails the following requirements:\nyour materials have to be licensed under the same, similar, or compatible license,\nyou must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work);\nthe GFDL entails these requirements:\nyour materials in turn have to be licensed under GFDL,\nyou must acknowledge the authorship of the article (section 4B), and\nyou must provide access to the \"transparent copy\" of the material (section 4J). (The \"transparent copy\" of a Wiktionary article is its wiki text.) These last two obligations can be fulfilled by providing a conspicuous link back to the home of the article here at\nwiktionary.org\n.\nIf the Wiktionary article you wish to use contains text, images, sounds, or other material from external sources used with permission or under fair use, you must comply with the separate copyright terms for that material as well. For example, if we include an image under fair use, you must ensure that your use of the article also qualifies for fair use (this might not be the case, for example, if you were using a Wiktionary article for a commercial use that would otherwise be allowed by CC-BY-SA or the GFDL).\nIf you find a copyright infringement\nIt is not the job of rank-and-file Wiktionarians to police every article for possible copyright infringement, but if you suspect one, remain calm and then raise the issue in one of our major discussion fora, such as the\nInformation desk\n. Administrators will examine the situation and take action as needed. The most helpful piece of information you can provide is a URL or other reference to what you believe is the source of the text.\nThere is a standard text for this notice which explains the situation to the poster in the\nWikipedia:Boilerplate text\npage.\nSome cases will be false alarms. For example, if the contributor was in fact the author of the text which is published elsewhere under different terms, that does not affect their right to post it here under CC-BY-SA or the GFDL unless it was contrary to their contract with their publisher, but you have no way of knowing if that is so. Also, sometimes you will find text elsewhere on the web that was copied from Wiktionary. In both of these cases, it is a good idea to make a note on the entry's talk page so that others will not raise the same false alarm later.\nIf a page really is an infringement, then an administrator will delete the infringing content and make a note to that effect on the talk page. If the author's permission to use the information is obtained later, it can be restored.\nSee also\nWiktionary:Community Portal\nfor an evolving collection of policy papers and discussions.\nThe\nWikipedia:Contributing FAQ\nfor questions on copyright.\nWiktionary:Trademarks\nWiktionary:Non-free content criteria\nWiktionary:Public domain sources\nFurther discussion\nWiktionary:License discussion\nWikipedia:Copyright issues\nAvoid Copyright Paranoia\nRetrieved from \"\nhttps://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Wiktionary:Copyrights&oldid=87545419\n\"\nCategories\n:\nWiktionary think tank policies\nWiktionary licensing\nHidden category:\nWiktionary pages with shortcuts\nThis page was last edited on 22 October 2025, at 20:09.\nDefinitions and other text are available under the\nCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License\n; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the\nTerms of Use\nand\nPrivacy Policy.\nPrivacy policy\nAbout Wiktionary\nDisclaimers\nLegal & safety contacts\nCode of Conduct\nDevelopers\nStatistics\nCookie statement\nMobile view\nSearch\nSearch\nToggle the table of contents\nWiktionary\n:\nCopyrights\n30 languages\nAdd topic", "source_snapshot_path": "evidence/publisher-pages/wiktionary-licensing.html" } evidence/publisher-pages/cc-by-sa-3-legal.html Legal Code - Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported - Creative Commons Skip to content

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Creative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and conditions that creators and other rights holders may use to share original works of authorship and other material subject to copyright and certain other rights specified in the public license below. The following considerations are for informational purposes only, are not exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses.


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Our public licenses are intended for use by those authorized to give the public permission to use material in ways otherwise restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms and conditions of the license they choose before applying it. Licensors should also secure all rights necessary before applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the material as expected. Licensors should clearly mark any material not subject to the license. This includes other CC-licensed material, or material used under an exception or limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors.


Considerations for the public

By using one of our public licenses, a licensor grants the public permission to use the licensed material under specified terms and conditions. If the licensor’s permission is not necessary for any reason–for example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to copyright–then that use is not regulated by the license. Our licenses grant only permissions under copyright and certain other rights that a licensor has authority to grant. Use of the licensed material may still be restricted for other reasons, including because others have copyright or other rights in the material. A licensor may make special requests, such as asking that all changes be marked or described. Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to respect those requests where reasonable. More considerations for the public.

About Creative Commons

Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances will be considered the "Licensor." The text of the Creative Commons public licenses is dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 Public Domain Dedication. Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark "Creative Commons" or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses.

Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.

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evidence/publisher-pages/cc-by-sa-4-legal.html Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International ======================================================================= Creative Commons Corporation ("Creative Commons") is not a law firm and does not provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of Creative Commons public licenses does not create a lawyer-client or other relationship. Creative Commons makes its licenses and related information available on an "as-is" basis. Creative Commons gives no warranties regarding its licenses, any material licensed under their terms and conditions, or any related information. Creative Commons disclaims all liability for damages resulting from their use to the fullest extent possible. Using Creative Commons Public Licenses Creative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and conditions that creators and other rights holders may use to share original works of authorship and other material subject to copyright and certain other rights specified in the public license below. The following considerations are for informational purposes only, are not exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses. Considerations for licensors: Our public licenses are intended for use by those authorized to give the public permission to use material in ways otherwise restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms and conditions of the license they choose before applying it. Licensors should also secure all rights necessary before applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the material as expected. Licensors should clearly mark any material not subject to the license. This includes other CC- licensed material, or material used under an exception or limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors: wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensors Considerations for the public: By using one of our public licenses, a licensor grants the public permission to use the licensed material under specified terms and conditions. If the licensor's permission is not necessary for any reason--for example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to copyright--then that use is not regulated by the license. Our licenses grant only permissions under copyright and certain other rights that a licensor has authority to grant. Use of the licensed material may still be restricted for other reasons, including because others have copyright or other rights in the material. A licensor may make special requests, such as asking that all changes be marked or described. Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to respect those requests where reasonable. More considerations for the public: wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensees ======================================================================= Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License ("Public License"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions. Section 1 -- Definitions. a. Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image. b. Adapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License. c. BY-SA Compatible License means a license listed at creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses, approved by Creative Commons as essentially the equivalent of this Public License. d. Copyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights. e. Effective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements. f. Exceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material. g. License Elements means the license attributes listed in the name of a Creative Commons Public License. The License Elements of this Public License are Attribution and ShareAlike. h. Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License. i. Licensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license. j. Licensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License. k. Share means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them. l. Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world. m. You means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning. Section 2 -- Scope. a. License grant. 1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to: a. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and b. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material. 2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions. 3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a). 4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a) (4) never produces Adapted Material. 5. Downstream recipients. a. Offer from the Licensor -- Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License. b. Additional offer from the Licensor -- Adapted Material. Every recipient of Adapted Material from You automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Adapted Material under the conditions of the Adapter's License You apply. c. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material. 6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i). b. Other rights. 1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise. 2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License. 3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties. Section 3 -- License Conditions. Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions. a. Attribution. 1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must: a. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material: i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated); ii. a copyright notice; iii. a notice that refers to this Public License; iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties; v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable; b. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and c. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License. 2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information. 3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable. b. ShareAlike. In addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You Share Adapted Material You produce, the following conditions also apply. 1. The Adapter's License You apply must be a Creative Commons license with the same License Elements, this version or later, or a BY-SA Compatible License. 2. You must include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, the Adapter's License You apply. You may satisfy this condition in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share Adapted Material. 3. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, Adapted Material that restrict exercise of the rights granted under the Adapter's License You apply. Section 4 -- Sui Generis Database Rights. Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material: a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database; b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material, including for purposes of Section 3(b); and c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database. For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights. Section 5 -- Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability. a. UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE LICENSOR OFFERS THE LICENSED MATERIAL AS-IS AND AS-AVAILABLE, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE LICENSED MATERIAL, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHER. THIS INCLUDES, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT KNOWN OR DISCOVERABLE. WHERE DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTIES ARE NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS DISCLAIMER MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. b. TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, IN NO EVENT WILL THE LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, OR OTHER LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS PUBLIC LICENSE OR USE OF THE LICENSED MATERIAL, EVEN IF THE LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES. WHERE A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IS NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability. Section 6 -- Term and Termination. a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically. b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates: 1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or 2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor. For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License. c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License. d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License. Section 7 -- Other Terms and Conditions. a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed. b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License. Section 8 -- Interpretation. a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License. b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions. c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor. d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority. ======================================================================= Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances will be considered the “Licensor.” The text of the Creative Commons public licenses is dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 Public Domain Dedication. Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark "Creative Commons" or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses. Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.